What role does genomics play in species identification and conservation?
The phrase “genome” is roughly 81 years old and describes either the entire collection of genes on chromosomes or the entire genetic makeup of an organism. It creates the phenotype of an individual along with the impact of an environment. The term “genomics” was first used by Thomas Roderick in 1986 to describe the scientific field that deals with the mapping, sequencing, and analysis of the genome. In the past, only model organisms could be used for genome analysis, but today, thousands of organisms, including plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, have had their genomes sequenced, and the results have been annotated. Using new techniques in metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, the results have been further refined and augmented. Utilizing population genomic techniques, it is now much simpler to study the genetic variability, population structure, and recent demographic events of vulnerable species.